On the Representation of Loss and Indemnity Distributions

In this paper many relations and equations relating pure premium or expected value quantities are presented in terms of random variables. This is made possible by the use of the indicator function so that awkward representations of functions of loss are simplified. Relations and formulas on such topics as basic limits losses, excess of loss coverages and retrospective rating are presented in stronger, more primitive forms. The related mathematics is often simplified and, in particular, an effective technique for handling trend is presented.